饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸配比对北极狐冬毛期体脂沉积、体脂肪酸组成及血液生化指标的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2017.06.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（ PUFA）配比对冬毛生长期雄性北极狐体脂沉积、体脂肪酸组成及血液生化指标的影响。试验选取48只157日龄，平均体重为（5 658±47）g的健康雄性北极狐，随机分成4组（每组12个重复，每个重复1只），分别饲喂n-6/n-3 PUFA 配比为3、18、41和136的试验饲粮，试验饲粮对应添加的油脂为12%鱼油和2%豆油（Ⅰ组），9.38%玉米油和4.62%豆油（Ⅱ组），12%玉米油和2%豆油（Ⅲ组），1.5%鱼油和12.5%玉米油（Ⅳ组）。预饲期7 d，试验期40 d。结果表明：1）饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA配比极显著影响北极狐肝体指数（P<0.01），Ⅳ组极显著高于II和Ⅲ组（P<0.01），与Ⅰ组差异不显著（P>0.05），对肝脂肪含量、肝脂率、皮下脂肪重、皮脂率均无显著影响（P>0.05）；2）饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA配比显著或极显著影响北极狐肌内脂肪饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）、PUFA、n-6和n-3 PUFA含量（P<0.05或P<0.01），Ⅰ组SFA显著高于Ⅱ组（P<0.05），与Ⅲ和Ⅳ组差异不显著（P>0.05），Ⅰ组MUFA显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P<0.05），与Ⅱ组差异不显著（P>0.05），Ⅱ组PUFA极显著高于I和Ⅳ组（P<0.01），与Ⅲ组差异不显著（P>0.05），I和Ⅲ组n-3极显著高于II和Ⅳ组（P<0.01），Ⅲ组n-6极显著高于I和Ⅳ组（P<0.01），与Ⅱ组差异不显著（P>0.05）；饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA配比极显著影响皮下脂肪中的MUFA，PUFA，n-3和n-6 PUFA（P<0.01），而对SFA无显著影响（P>0.05），Ⅰ组MUFA极显著高于II、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P<0.01），II和Ⅲ组PUFA极显著高于I和Ⅳ组（P<0.01），I和Ⅲ组n-3极显著高于II和Ⅳ组（P<0.01），Ⅱ组n-6极显著高于I和Ⅳ组（P<0.01），与Ⅲ组差异不显著（P>0.05）；3）饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA配比显著影响了北极狐血清中的高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）和补体4（C4）（P<0.05），而对血清中的TG、TC和GLU、IgA、IgM、IgG、补体3、TNF和IL-2无显著影响（P>0.05），Ⅰ组HDL-C显著高于II、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P<0.05），Ⅰ组LDL-C显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P<0.05），与Ⅱ组差异不显著（P>0.05），Ⅳ组C4显著高于II和Ⅲ组（P<0.05），与Ⅰ组差异不显著（P>0.05）。饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA配比为41时，降低了肝体指数，动员了肌内脂肪和皮下脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）含量，利于机体SFA的沉积，降低了血脂中高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）含量，保证了北极狐机体的健康。

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio on body fat deposition, body fatty acid composition and serum biochemical parameters of male Arctic foxes during the winter fur-growing period. Forty-eight male Arctic foxes of 157-day-old with average body weight of(5 658±47)g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 12 replicates per group and 1 fox per replicate, and they were fed experimental diets containing n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio for 3,18, 41,136, respectively. The composition and proportion of oil were 12% fish oil and 2% soybean oil (Group Ⅰ), 9.38% corn oil and 4.62% soybean oil (Group Ⅱ), 12% corn oil and 2% soybean oil (Group Ⅲ), 1.5% fish oil and 12.5% corn oil (Group Ⅳ), respectively. The experiment was 7 days for adaption and 40 days for trial period. The results showed as follows: 1) Dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio extremely significantly affected hepatic somatic index(P<0.01), but no significant effect on hepatic fat content, liver fat percentage, subcutaneous fat weight and subcutaneous fat percentage(P>0.05) during the winter fur-growing period. The hepatic somatic index in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.01), while no significant difference between group Ⅰ and Ⅳ (P>0.05). 2) Dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio extremely significantly or significantly affected SFA, MUFA, PUFA, n-3 and n-6 contents in intramuscular fat (P<0.01 or P<0.05) in Arctic fox. SFA in intramuscular fat in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ (P<0.05),while there were no significant difference among group Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P>0.05). MUFA in intramuscular fat in group I was significantly higher than that in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P>0.05).PUFA in intramuscular fat in group Ⅱ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ and Ⅳ (P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). n-3 in intramuscular fat in group Ⅰ and Ⅲ were extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ (P<0.01). n-6 in intramuscular fat in group Ⅲ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ and Ⅳ (P<0.01),while there was no significant difference between group Ⅲ and Ⅱ (P>0.05).Dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio extremely significantly affected MUFA, PUFA, n-3 and n-6 contents in subcutaneous fat (P<0.01), but no significant effect on SFA (P>0.05). MUFA in subcutaneous fat in group Ⅰ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.01). PUFA in subcutaneous fat in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ and Ⅳ(P<0.01). n-3 in subcutaneous fat in group Ⅰ and Ⅲ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ(P<0.01). n-6 in subcutaneous fat in group Ⅱ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ and Ⅳ(P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). 3) Dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio significantly affected the serum HDL-C, LDL-C and complement 4(P<0.05), but no significant effect on serum TG,TC,GLU, IgA, IgM, IgG, complement 3, TNF and IL-2(P>0.05). Serum HDL-C in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P<0.05). Serum LDL-C in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between group Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P>0.05).Serum C4 in group IV was significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between group Ⅳ and Ⅰ (P>0.05). The ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA is 41 (12% corn oil + 2% soybean oil),the hepatic somatic index is reduced,UFA in intramuscular fat and subcutaneous fat are mobilized,more SFA is deposed and serum lipid level is reduced,which make Arctic fox more healthy.

中图分类号:

钟伟, 张婷, 罗婧, 王卓, 岳志刚, 刘学庆, 李光玉. 饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸配比对北极狐冬毛期体脂沉积、体脂肪酸组成及血液生化指标的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2017, 48(6): 1054-1065.

ZHONG Wei, ZHANG Ting, LUO Jing, WANG Zhuo, YUE Zhi-gang, LIU Xue-qing, LI Guang-yu. Effects of Dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA Ratio on the Body Fat Deposition,Body Fatty Acid Composition and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Male Arctic Foxes during the Winter Fur-growing Period[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2017, 48(6): 1054-1065.

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